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For the ancient civilizations that first established its use, pharmacology served as a signifier of sophistication and enlightenment. From its earliest records-the sixth century BCE teachings of the Indian physician Sushruta-to modern times, pharmacology has held broad appeal to humanity, both for the pragmatic purpose of healing the body and for its more mystical, alchemical aspects. The physical setting of its practice, the pharmacy (also known as a drug store, apothecary, or chemist), has long been intrinsic to the fabric of the largest cities and the smallest towns and villages.